本文中规则条例英文直接引自NBA官方2024-2025规则手册的原文，中文为机器翻译人工粗略校核，难免有错误和不当之处，如有疑义请以英文为准。
以下关于NBA中一些概念的定义的规则，出自RULE NO. 4: Definitions章节。
RULE NO. 4: Definitions规则 4：定义
Section I—Basket/Backboard 第一部分——篮筐/篮板a. A team’s basket consists of the basket ring and net through which its players try to shoot the ball. The visiting team has the choice of baskets for the first half. The basket selected by the visiting team when it first enters onto the court shall be its basket for the first half
a. 一支球队的篮筐由篮圈和篮网组成，球员通过篮圈投篮。客队有权选择上半场的篮筐。客队首次进入球场时选择的篮筐将作为其上半场的篮筐筐。
b. The teams change baskets for the second half. All overtime periods are considered extensions of the second half.
b. 下半场双方互换投篮位置。所有加时赛均视为下半场延长。
c. Five sides of the backboard (front, two sides, bottom and top) are considered in play when contacted by the basketball. The back of the backboard and the area directly behind it are out-of-bounds.c. 篮球触及篮板的五个面（前侧、两侧、底部和顶部）时，视为在比赛中。篮板的背面及其正后方区域为界外。
Section II—Dribble 第二部分——运球A dribble is movement of the ball, caused by a player in control, who throws or taps the ball to the floor.
运球是指控球的球员将球扔或拍到地面时发生的球的运动。
a. The dribble ends when the dribbler:a. 当运球者满足以下条件时，运球结束：
1. Touches the ball simultaneously with both hands双手同时触球
2. Permits the ball to come to rest while he is in control of it在其控球时使球处于停止状态
3. Tries for a field goal尝试投篮
4. Throws a pass 传球
5. Touches the ball more than once while dribbling, before it touches the floor运球时，在球触及地面之前，触球超过一次。
6. Loses control 失去控制
7. Allows the ball to become dead让球变成死球
8. Otherwise gathers the ball (see Rule IV, Section III (b))其他收球的情况（参见规则 IV，第 III 条 (b)）
Section III – The Gather 第三部分 — 收球a. For a player who receives the ball via a pass or gains possession of a loose ball, the gather is defined as the point where the player gains enough control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or the player cradles the ball against his body.对于通过传球接到球或获得散落球的球员来说，收球被定义为球员获得足够的对球的控制权来持球、换手、传球、投篮或将球贴在身体上的时刻。。
b. For a player who is in control of the ball while dribbling, the gather is defined as the point where a player does any one of the following:对于在运球时控制球的球员来说，收球定义为球员做下列任何一项动作的时刻：
1. Puts two hands on the ball, or otherwise permits the ball to come to rest, while he is in control of it;在控制球时用双手握住球，或以其他方式让球停下来；
2. Puts a hand under the ball and brings it to a pause;将一只手放在球的下方并使其暂停；
3. Otherwise gains enough control of the ball to hold it, change hands, pass, shoot, or the player cradles the ball against his body.其他获得足够的控制权来持球、换手、传球、投篮，或者球员将球靠在自己的身体上。
NBA官方视频规则-手放球下视为收球，二运违例实例：小哈达威手放球下收球二运违例
NBA官方视频规则-手放球下视为收球，二运违例实例：库兹马手放球下收球二运违例
Section IV—Fouls 第四部分——犯规a. A common personal foul is illegal physical contact which occurs with an opponent after the ball has become live and before the horn sounds to end the period. If time expires before the personal foul occurs, the personal foul should be disregarded, unless it wasa. 普通个人犯规是指在球成为活球后，到一节比赛结束的哨声响起之前，与对手发生的非法身体接触。如果在个人犯规发生之前比赛时间已结束，则个人犯规应被忽略，除非：：
EXCEPTION: If the foul is committed on or by a player in the act of shooting, and the shooter released the ball prior to the expiration of time on the game clock, then the foul should be administered in the same manner as with any similar play during the course of the game (See Rule 13—Section II—b—ii).
例外：如果犯规是对，或者，由一名正处于投篮动作中的球员进行的，并且投篮者在比赛计时器时间到之前将球投出，那么该犯规的判罚方式应与比赛过程中任何类似的判罚方式相同（见规则 13—第 II—b—ii 节）。
b. A technical foul is the penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct or violations by team members on the floor or seated on the bench.
b. 技术犯规是针对场上或板凳席上的球员违反体育道德的行为或违例行为的处罚。
c. A double foul is a situation in which any two opponents commit personal fouls at approximately the same time.c. 双方犯规是指任意两名对手球员在近似同时的时间内均实施了个人犯规的情况。
d. An offensive foul is illegal contact, committed by an offensive player, after the ball is live and there is team control.d. 进攻犯规是指一名进攻球员在球进入比赛状态且本方控制球的情况下实施的非法身体接触。
e. A loose ball foul is illegal contact, after the ball is alive, when team control does not exist. e. 失控球犯规是指在球进入比赛状态之后，没有球队控制球权的情况下发生的非法身体接触。
f. A flagrant foul is unnecessary and/or excessive contact committed by a player against an opponent whether the ball is dead or alive.f. 恶意犯规是指无论球是活球还是死球状态下，一名球员对对手施加不必要的和/或过分的身体接触。
g. A punching foul is a punch by a player which makes contact with an opponent whether the ball is dead or alive.g. 拳击犯规是指无论死球或活球状态下，一名球员拳击对手并发生身体接触的行为。
h. An away-from-the-play foul is illegal contact by the defense (1) in the last two minutes of each period, and last two minutes of any overtime periods, which occurs deliberately away from the immediate area of offensive action, or (2) prior to the ball being released on a throw-in at any point during the entire gameh. 远离比赛犯规（对无球人犯规）是指防守方在下列情况下的非法接触：(1) 每节比赛最后两分钟，以及加时赛最后两分钟，故意在进攻区域以外的地方进行接触；或 (2) 在全场比赛任何时间，界外球被掷入之前进行的非法接触。
Section V—Free Throw 第五部分——罚球A free throw is the privilege given a player to score one point by an unhindered attempt for the goal from a position directly behind the free throw line. This attempt must be made within 10 seconds. 10 秒内。
罚球是指球员在罚球线正后方不受阻碍地尝试投篮，从而获得一分的权利。罚球出手必须在 10 秒内完成。
NBA官方视频规则实例：罚球投篮过程中，投篮者不能在球碰到篮筐或篮板之前跨过罚球线或罚球结束之前跨过罚球线。约翰逊罚球违例
NBA官方视频规则实例：武切维奇延误比赛违例，他在第一次罚球尝试后离开了罚球线，走过三分线，几乎走到中线附近，然后才返回罚球线。因为在两次罚球之间，罚球手不能越过三分线移动。
Section VI—Frontcourt/Backcourt 第六部分——前场/后场a. A team’s frontcourt consists of that part of the court between its endline and the nearer edge of the midcourt line, including the basket and inbounds part of the backboard.a. 球队的前场包括其底线和中线较近边缘之间的球场部分，包括篮筐和篮板的界内部分。
b. A team’s backcourt consists of the entire midcourt line and the rest of the court to include the opponent’s basket and inbounds part of the backboard.b. 球队的后场包括整条中线和球场的其余部分，包括对方的篮筐和篮板的界内部分。
c. A ball being held by a player: (1) is in the frontcourt if neither the ball nor the player is touching the backcourt, (2) is in the backcourt if either the ball or player is touching the backcourt. c. 球员持球时： (1) 如果球和球员均未触及后场，则其位于前场； (2) 如果球或球员之一触及后场，则球位于后场。
d. A ball being dribbled is (1) in the frontcourt when the ball and both feet of the player are in the frontcourt, (2) in the backcourt if the ball or either foot of the player is in the backcourt. d. 正在运球的球（1）如果球和球员的双脚都在前场，则球处于前场；（2）如果球或球员的任一只脚在后场，则球处于后场。
e. The ball is considered in the frontcourt once it has broken the plane of the midcourt line and is not in player controle.如果球越过中线所在的平面且不被球员控制时，视为处于前场。f. The team on offense must bring the ball across the midcourt line within 8 seconds.f. 进攻方必须在 8 秒内将球带过中场线。
EXCEPTION: (1) kicked ball, (2) punched ball, (3) personal or technical foul on the defensive team, (4) delay-of-game warning on the defensive team or (5) infection control. 例外：（1）脚踢球，（2）击球，（3）防守队伍个人犯规或技术犯规 ，(4) 对防守球队的延误比赛警告，或 (5) 感染防控。
g. Frontcourt/backcourt status is not attained until a player with the ball has established a positive position in either half during (1) a jump ball, (2) a steal by a defensive player (3) a throw-in in the last two minutes of the fourth period and last two minutes of any overtime period or (4) any time the ball is loose.g. 在以下情况下，只有当持球球员在任一半场确立明确稳定的位置时，才能建立前场/后场状态：（1）跳球，（2）被防守球员抢断，（3）第四节最后两分钟和任何加时赛最后两分钟的掷界外球，或（4）任何时候球处于失控状态。
NBA官方视频规则实例：后场违例，球从前场传给具有后场状态的球员
NBA官方视频规则实例：后场违规。洛瑞结束运球，当他试图将球传给队友时，踩到了中场线，这被认为是后场的一部分。一旦球员在他的前场建立了位置，他就不能移动到他的后场，也不能将球传给位于后场的队友。
NBA官方视频规则实例：后场违规。Graham 运球到前场，运球失误，球弹回后场。这是一种违例行为，当他是第一个触球的球员时。
NBA官方视频规则实例：后场违规。Okobo 底线发球，但传球将 Saric 带到后场接球。在前场接球的球员不得将球传给位于后场的队友，除非是在比赛的最后两分钟。
NBA官方视频规则实例：合法比赛，球合法地拍入后场。此球不会被视为后场违规。钱德勒将前场篮板球向后拍向自己的篮筐。戈登在后场接球。但由于球只是被拍打的，并且没有被控制，这将被视为合法比赛，而不是后场违规。
NBA官方视频规则实例：合法比赛，球员的势头将他带到后场，不是违规。防守球员朗多在前场抢断，但他的势头使他向后退了一步进入后场，然后他合法地向前移动到他的前场。这不会被视为后场违规。
Section VII—Held Ball 第七部分——持球争球A held ball occurs when two opponents have one or both hands firmly on the ball or when a defensive player touches the ball causing the offensive player to return to the floor with the ball in his continuous possession which would result in a traveling violation.持球争球发生在：当两个对手都用一只手或两只手牢牢握住球，或当一名防守队员触碰球，导致进攻队员带着球返回地面并继续控球将导致走步违例时。
A held ball should not be called until both players have hands so firmly on the ball that neither can gain sole possession without undue roughness. If a player is lying or sitting on the floor while in possession, he should have an opportunity to throw the ball.除非两名球员都牢牢地握住球，并且任何一方都无法在没有过度粗暴的情况下单独控球，否则不应判为持球争球。如果一名球员在控球时躺在地上或坐在地上，他应该有机会扔出球。
Section VIII—Pivot 第八部分——转身（绕着中枢脚）a. A pivot takes place when a player, who is holding the ball, steps once or more than once in any direction with the same foot, with the other foot (pivot foot) in contact with the floor.a. 当一名持球球员，一只脚（中枢脚）始终与地面接触，另一只脚在任意方向上踏出一步或多步，就会发生一次转身动作。
b. If the player wishes to dribble after a pivot, the ball must be out of his hand before he pivot foot is raised off the floor. If the player raises his pivot off the floor, he must pass or attempt a field goal before the foot is returned to the floor如果球员在转身后想要运球，在将中枢脚抬离地面之前，球必须从离手。如果球员将中枢脚抬离地面，在将这只脚重新落地之前，他必须传球或尝试投篮。
If he fails to follow these guidelines, he has committed a traveling violation.如果他不遵守这些准则，他就犯了走步违例。
Section IX—Traveling 第九部分——走步Traveling is progressing in any direction while in possession of the ball, which is in excess of prescribed limits as noted in Rule 4—Section VII and Rule 10—Section XIII持球者向任何方向移动时，超出上边的规则 4（Section VII—Held Ball 持球争球）和（规则 10： Section XIII）规定的限制，即构成走步违例。
Rule 10—Section XIII—Traveling 第十三部分——走步
a. A player who receives the ball while standing still may pivot, using either foot as the pivot foot.
球员站立不动接球时，可以用任一只脚作为中轴脚来做转身动作。
b. A player who gathers the ball while progressing may take (1) two steps in coming to a stop, passing, or shooting the ball, or (2) if he has not yet dribbled, one step prior to releasing the ball. A player who gathers the ball while dribbling may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing, or shooting the ball.
球员在行进时收球，可以 (1) 迈两步来停步、传球或投篮，或 (2) 如果他收球后未运球，则可在释放球前迈一步。球员在运球时收球，可以迈两步来停步、传球或投篮。
——（注：收球The Gather的定义在规则手册的第四章RULE NO. 4: Definitions： Section III 中，分两种情况：
“ 对于通过传球接到球或获得失控球的球员来说，收球被定义为球员获得足够的对球的控制权来持球、换手、传球、投篮或将球贴在身体上的时刻。
对于在运球时控制球的球员来说，收球定义为球员做下列任何一项动作的时刻：1.在控制球时用双手握住球，或以其他方式让球停下来；2.将一只手放在球的下方并使其暂停；3.其他方式获得足够的控制权来持球、换手、传球、投篮，或者球员将球贴在自己的身体上。）”
——（注：这条规则规定了球员在不同场景下收球后的步数限制：当球员为运球后收球（如突破攻筐），他可以迈两步完成停步、传球或投篮。如果球员在未开始运球时收球，例如接球后直接攻击篮筐，那他仅可迈出一步后就要传球或投篮。）
The first step occurs when a foot, or both feet, touch the floor after the player gathers the ball.
第一步是当球员收球后，一只脚或双脚接触地板时。
The second step occurs after the first step when the other foot touches the floor, or both feet touch the floor simultaneously.
第二步发生在第一步之后，当另一只脚接触地板，或双脚同时接触地板时。
——（注：收球过程中触地的脚不计为第一步，可视为第0步Step 0（零步规则），后续触地的脚才是第一步和第二步Step 1和Step 2—这就是人们常说的0-1-2。）
A player who comes to a stop on step one when both feet are on the floor or touch the floor simultaneously may pivot using either foot as his pivot. If he jumps with both feet he must release the ball before either foot touches the floor.
如果球员在第一步停下时双脚同时落地或接触地面，他可以用任意一只脚作为中枢脚进行转身。如果他用双脚跳起，他必须在任意一只脚接触地面之前将球离手。
——（注：当球员停步时，如果他双脚同时触地，例如跳步急停，那他可任选一只脚作为中枢脚，另一只脚可自由移动。如果他双脚先后触地，例如两步停步，那么他先触地的脚为中枢脚，不得移动。如果球员停步后跳起双脚离地，那他必须在任意一只脚落地前将球传出或投篮。）
A player who lands with one foot first may only pivot using that foot.
球员一只脚先落地时只能用那只脚做中枢脚转身。
A progressing player who jumps off one foot on the first step may land with both feet simultaneously for the second step. In this situation, the player may not pivot with either foot and if one or both feet leave the floor the ball must be released before either returns to the floor.
行进中的球员在第一步单脚起跳，第二步可以双脚同时落地。在这种情况下，球员不得用任何一只脚做中枢脚转身，并且，如果一只脚或两只脚离开地面，必须在任何一只脚返回地面之前将球释放。
c. In starting a dribble after (1) receiving the ball while standing still, or (2) coming to a legal stop, the ball must be out of the player’s hand before the pivot foot is raised off the floor.
在（1）站立不动接球，或（2）合法停止后两种情况下开始运球时，在中枢脚抬离地面之前，球必须已经离开球员手中。
d. If a player, with the ball in his possession, raises his pivot foot off the floor, he must pass or shoot before his pivot foot returns to the floor. If he drops the ball while in the air, he may not be the first to touch the ball.
如果球员在持球时将中轴脚抬离地面，他必须在中轴脚回到地面之前传球或投篮。如果他在空中将球掉落，他不能是第一个触球的人。
e. A player who falls to the floor while holding the ball, or while coming to a stop, may not gain an advantage by sliding.
球员持球落地，或者停下时，不得通过滑行获得优势。
f. A player who attempts a field goal may not be the first to touch the ball if it fails to touch the backboard, basket ring, or another player.
如果投篮后球没有触及篮板、篮圈或其他球员，则该投篮的球员不得第一个触球。
g. A player may not be the first to touch his own pass unless the ball touches his back- board, basket ring, or another player.
传出的球除非触及他的篮板、篮圈或其他球员，否则球员不得第一个触碰自己传出的球。
h. Upon ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball, a player may not touch the floor consecutively with the same foot (hop).
结束运球或获得对球的控制后，球员不得用同一只脚连续触地（hop跳步）。
——（注：需要区分“hop”和正常的两步停步。正常“两步停步”—双脚交替触地，或“跳步停步”——双脚同时触地是不违例的。但hop是用一只脚起跳后，同一只脚再次落地，类似“单脚跳”。此规则的目的是防止球员通过“单脚跳”调整位置或躲避防守进而获得不公平的移动优势。）。
PENALTY: Loss of ball. The ball is awarded to the opposing team on the sideline, near- est spot of the violation but no nearer the baseline than the foul line extended.
罚则：失去球权。判给对方球队边线发球，在距离违例地点最近的位置，但不得比罚球线的延长线更靠近底线。
Section X—Screen 第十部分——掩护A screen is the legal action of a player who, without causing undue contact, delays or prevents an opponent from reaching a desired position.掩护是球员在不造成不当接触的情况下，延缓或阻止对手到达他期望的位置的合法动作。
Section XI—Field Goal Attempt 第十一部分——投篮出手A field goal attempt is a player’s attempt to shoot the ball into his basket for a field goal. The act of shooting starts when, in the official’s judgment, the player has started his shooting motion and continues until the shooting motion ceases and he returns to a normal floor position. For jump shots, the shooting motion starts when the offensive player starts to bring the ball upward towards the basket. On drives to the basket or other moving shots, the shooting motion starts when the player gathers the ball and continues through with a shot (except during a take foul situation when the clocks are not expiring, the shooting begins when the player’s shoulders start upward). It is not essential that the ball leave the shooter’s hand. His arm(s) might be held so that he cannot actually make an attempt.投篮出手是指球员试图将球投进篮筐命中进球的尝试。投篮动作始于裁判认定球员开始了投篮动作时，一直持续到投篮动作停止，该球员回到一个正常的球场位置为止。对于跳投，投篮动作在进攻球员将球向上举起并朝向篮筐时开始。在突破上篮/移动投篮时，投篮动作在球员完成收球并启动连贯投篮动作开始（除了在计时器未到期前发生犯规情况下，投篮动作提前到在球员肩膀开始上抬时开始）。球不必离开投篮者的手，他的手臂可能被抓住，这样他实际上就（因犯规导致）无法完成出手。
The term is also used to include the flight of the ball until it becomes dead or is touched by a player. A tap during a jump ball or rebound is not considered a field goal attempt. However, anytime a live ball is in flight toward the rim from the playing court, the goal, if made, shall count, even if time expires or the official’s whistle sounds. The field goal will not be scored if time on the game clock expires before the ball leaves the player’s hand or the ball is in flight toward the rim.投篮的延续期也包括球的飞行期，直到球成为死球或者被一名球员碰到。在跳球或者争夺篮板球时拍到球不被视为一次投篮出手。但是，任何时候当一个活球正从比赛场地飞向篮筐时，即使此时比赛时间结束或者裁判鸣哨，这个球如果进筐，也视为有效。如果球离开投篮者的手或者球飞向篮筐之前，比赛计时器的时间已经走完，则进球不得分。
Section XII—Throw-In 第十二部分——掷界外球A throw-in is a method of putting the ball in play from out-of-bounds in accordance with Rule 8—Section III. The throw-in begins when the ball is given to and controlled by the player inbounding, or at his disposal, and ends when the ball is released.
掷界外球是按照规则 8-第 3 部分的规定将球从界外投入比赛的一种方法。掷界外球开始于将球交给发界外球员控制，或由其支配，结束于球被界外球发球人发出。
Section XIII—Last Two Minutes 第十三部分——最后两分钟When the game clock shows 2:00, the period is considered to be in the two-minute period.。
当比赛计时器显示2:00分钟时，此节比赛被视为进入最后两分钟时段。
Section XIV—Suspension of Play 第十四部分——比赛中断An official can suspend play for retrieving an errant ball, re-setting the timing devices, delay-of-game warning, inadvertent whistle, instant replay, a seriously-injured player or any other unusual circumstance. During such a suspension, neither team is permitted to substitute and the defensive team may not be granted a timeout. Play shall be resumed at the point of interruption.
裁判可以因为取回飞出场外的球，重设计时器，警告延误比赛，无意鸣哨，即时回放，球员严重受伤或者其他异常情况而中断比赛。在此类比赛中断期间，任何一支球队都不得换人，防守队不得叫暂停。比赛应在中断点恢复。
EXCEPTIONS: 例外情况：(1) Suspension of play for a player bleeding. See Comments on the Rules—N. 由于球员出血而暂停比赛。参见规则注释—N.(2) Seriously-injured player. Player must be removed and opponent is permitted one substitution. 球员严重受伤。必须将球员换下，对手球队可以替换一名替补。。
Comments on the Rules—N. GUIDELINES FOR INFECTION CONTROL 感染防控指南
If a player suffers a laceration or a wound where bleeding occurs or if blood is visible on a player or his uniform, the officials shall suspend the game at the earliest appropriate time and allow a maximum of 30 seconds for treatment. After that time, the head coach shall be informed that he has the option to substitute for the player or call a timeout . If a substitute replaces the player, the opposing team shall be allowed to substitute one player. The bleeding player may return to the game when he has received appropriate treatment by medical staff personnel.球员出现撕裂伤或其他开放性伤口导致出血，或球员身体/球衣上可见明显血迹，裁判应在最恰当时机中断比赛，并最多给予30秒治疗时间。30秒后，应通知主教练，他可以选择替换该球员或叫暂停。如果选择替换该球员，则应允许对方球队相应替换一名球员。出血球员在经医疗人员妥善处理后，可重返比赛。
A team will not be given an additional 30 seconds should the bleeding occur from a wound which reopened, which is not the result of additional contact.若球员伤口重新开裂并出血，并且这不是因额外接触导致的，球队将不再会获得额外30秒治疗时间。
If the player returns to the game, the officials shall make certain that any lesion, wound or dermatitis is covered with a dressing that will prevent contamination to and/or from other sources. A wrist or sweat band is not considered a suitable bandage.若出血球员返回比赛，裁判必须确保：所有伤口、皮损或皮炎需用敷料完全覆盖，防止与其他污染源交叉接触；手腕带、吸汗带等物品不得替代医用绷带。
If the bleeding player is awarded a free throw attempt(s) as a result of a personal foul, or is involved in a jump ball, the bleeding player will be given 30 seconds for treatment. If the treatment is not completed, play will resume and will then be suspended at the first appropriate time.若出血球员因个人犯规而获得罚球机会，或需参与跳球，裁判将给予其30秒治疗时间；若治疗未完成，比赛将恢复并在首次合适时机再次暂停。
Mandatory timeouts shall not be granted during a suspension of play unless a team is granted a timeout.比赛中断期间，除非球队主动请求暂停，否则不触发强制暂停
If treatment is not completed within the allotted time, the head coach may call another timeout or substitute for the bleeding player. Substitutes are permitted consistent with existing rules on substitution.若治疗未在规定时间内完成，主教练可选择请求额外暂停或者替换出血球员。但换人需符合现行换人规则。
If a team has no timeouts remaining when play is suspended, the officials will allow 30 seconds for appropriate treatment. If the treatment is not completed in accordance with paragraph two above, the bleeding player must be removed immediately. ONLY the bleeding player on that team may be removed from the game under these circumstances. If so, the opponent may also substitute one player.若比赛中断时球队没有剩余暂停次数，裁判应允许30秒治疗时间。若治疗未按上述第二条规定完成，出血球员必须立即退场，在这种情况下，仅该队出血球员可被强制替换。此时，对手球队亦可替换一名球员。
The offensive team will receive a full eight seconds to advance the ball into the front- court. The shot clock will remain as is or reset to 14, whichever is greater.进攻方将获得完整8秒时间推进至前场。投篮计时器将保持当前剩余时间或重置为14秒（以两者中数值较大者为准）。
Section XV—Point of Interruption 第十五部分——中断点The Point of Interruption is where the ball is located when the whistle sounds.中断点是哨声响起时球所在的位置。
Section XVI—Team Control 第十六部分——球队控制球A team is in control when a player is holding, dribbling or passing the ball. Team control ends when the defensive team deflects the ball or there is a field goal attempt.当球员持球、运球或传球时，该球队即处于控制球状态。球队控制球状态在防守方拨开球（使其脱离进攻方控制）或 进攻方投篮出手（无论是否命中）之后结束。
Section XVII—Team Possession 第十七部分——球队控制球权A team is in possession when a player is holding, dribbling or passing the ball. Team possession ends when the defensive team gains possession or the ball hits the rim of the offensive team.当球员持球、运球或传球时，该球队即处于控制球权状态。当防守方获得球权或者球触及进攻方篮筐时，控制球权结束。
Section XVIII—Fumble 第十八部分——球脱手/掉球A player who is holding the ball and fumbles it out of his control may recover the ball.If his pivot foot moves to recover the ball, he must then pass or shoot the ball. If he fumbles nd recovers it without moving his pivot foot and before the ball touches the floor, he retains his status before the fumble.当持球球员意外失球（注：非故意脱手）导致球失控时，该球员仍可以重新控制球。
若球员为重新控制球而移动中枢脚，他必须在控制球之后将球传出或者投出（注：不得继续运球）；若球员在未移动中枢脚且球未触地前恢复对球的控制，则视为未发生掉球，可继续维持掉球前的状态（注：如运球、投篮等）。